Dianin in 1891. PubChem CID 24754; . Polym Adv Technol 2009; 20: 194-208. . [8], Usually, the addition of acetone takes place at the para position on both phenols, however minor amounts of the ortho-para (up to 3%) and ortho-ortho isomers are also produced, along with several other minor byproducts. In fact, the Federal Trade Commission has specifically cautioned that free-of claims may deceive consumers by falsely suggesting that the marketer has improved the product by removing the substance.. Visit ChemicalBook To find more Bisphenol A epoxy resin() information like chemical properties,Structure,melting point,boiling point,density,molecular formula,molecular weight, physical properties,toxicity information,customs codes. Although many studies have been performed, these often focus on a limited range of model organisms and can use BPA concentrations well beyond environmental levels. Polycarbonate plastic also is used to make housings for electronic products such as cell phones and laptops, as well as optical discs such as CDs and DVDs. [91], BPA has been detectable in the natural environment since the 1990s and is now widely distributed. 2012 May-Jun;34(3):331-7. l) Patterson TA, Twaddle NC, Roegge CS, Callicott RJ, Fisher JW, Doerge DR. Concurrent determination of bisphenol A pharmacokinetics in maternal and fetal rhesus monkeys. [34] These are not always removed and are known impurities in commercial samples of BPA. It is important to note that scientific experts at FDA, and other regulatory bodies, review the full weight of the scientific evidence when making decisions about safety. Some of these studies have raised questions about the safety of ingesting the low levels of BPA that can migrate into food from food contact materials. Studying this sort of longterm, lowdose interaction is difficult, and although there have been numerous studies, there are considerable discrepancies in their conclusions regarding the nature of the effects observed as well as the levels at which they occur. Product. Based on FDAs ongoing safety review of scientific evidence, the available information continues to support the safety of BPA for the currently approved uses in food containers and packaging. Toxicity evaluation of bisphenol a administered by gavage to sprague dawley rats from gestation day 6 through postnatal day 90. 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Download or play NIEHS Health Chat's with a wide range of experts and topics. BISPHENOL A EPOXY: is solid at room temperature, in the form of prills, white - peal, white to yellow and with a slight phenolic odour. [23][24], Bisphenol A was first reported in 1891 by the Russian chemist Aleksandr Dianin. BPA is used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins that are essential to a wide variety of consumer and industrial products, including many applications important to public health and food safety. Some of this is further reacted with methacrylic acid to form bis-GMA, which is used to make vinyl ester resins. [5] https://www.regulations.gov/docket/FDA-2010-N-0100. Watch Tutorial: How to Select the Best Curing Agent for Epoxy Systems. It may also be used as an ingredient in some resins, which can act as a lining on the inside of some metal food and drink cans. BPA is an important industrial chemical, which is mainly used as a raw material of polycarbonate and epoxy resin. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. [2][7] BPA is produced on an industrial scale by the condensation of phenol and acetone, and has a global production scale which is expected to reach 10 million tonnes in 2022.[8]. BPA is best known for its use in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, particularly those found in water bottles, baby bottles, and other beverage and food containers. Update on Bisphenol A (BPA) for Use in Food Contact Applications, January 2010; March 30, 2012; Updated March 2013; July 2014; November 2014. Epoxy resins have many uses including engineering applications such as electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints and adhesives, as well as in a variety of protective coatings. It is classified as a bisphenol, and a close molecular analog of Bisphenol A (BPA). The molecular structure of bisphenol A epoxy resin contains aromatic rings and lateral hydroxyl groups, which is beneficial to improve adhesion; in addition, the aromatic ring structure also gives the resin higher rigidity, tensile strength and thermal stability; in general, The main characteristics of bisphenol A epoxy type include: fast light curing reaction rate, high hardness and tensile strength after curing, high gloss of the film layer, and excellent chemical corrosion resistance. As a result, FDA amended its food additive regulations to no longer provide for these uses of BPA. High-performance epoxy resins are used to make aircraft, cars, bicycles, boats, golf clubs, skis and snowboards durable, flexible and strong. People are generally exposed to minute levels of BPA, mostly from the ingestion of food or beverages that have been in contact with materials manufactured with BPA. Commercial production of BPA requires distillation either extraction of BPA from many resinous byproducts under high vacuum or solvent-based extraction using additional phenol followed by distillation. Usage/Application: Polycarbonate , Epoxy resin, Thermal paper. [66][67][68] The primary source of human exposure is via food, as epoxy and PVC are used to line the inside of food cans to prevent corrosion of the metal by acidic foodstuffs. BPA is regularly used to strengthen products for human health and safety. Toxicol Sci. Search for free and find new suppliers for chemical products, pharmaceuticals and APIs. [73] Concern is mostly related to its estrogen-like activity, although it can interact with other receptor systems as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. BPA is an industrial chemical used to make polycarbonate, a hard, clear plastic, which is used in many consumer products. Because of the way BPA is processed in the body, it is very unlikely that exposure to BPA at typical levels could cause health effects. 2013 Feb 15;267(1):41-8. m) Twaddle NC, Churchwell MI, Vanlandingham M, Doerge DR. Quantification of deuterated bisphenol A in serum, tissues, and excreta from adult Sprague-Dawley rats using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Bisphenol A epoxy resin is the most common type for concrete coatings because of its excellent adhesion, toughness, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance. BPA is an industrial chemical used to make a hard, clear plastic known as polycarbonate. Sign in to download full-size image Due to interest in the exposure to bisphenol A in the community1 and the workplace, OSHA developed a validated method to collect and analyze bisphenol A and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. mixing process is what I used. By 2009, FDA released reassessments of studies cited in the NTP Monograph in addition to other relevant studies that became available after the Monographs release. [74] It binds to both of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ER and ER. By varying the relationship between bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, various molecular weights are obtained for the completed epoxy resin. Distribution of bisphenol A into tissues of adult, neonatal, and fetal Sprague-Dawley rats. When the number-average molecular weight is less than 400, the main component is bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA, relative molecular weight 340). It is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of phenol with one equivalent of acetone. Recently completed a rodent subchronic study [7] intended to provide information that would help in designing a long-term study that is now underway (see below). Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in neonatal and adult CD-1 mice: inter-species comparisons with Sprague-Dawley rats and rhesus monkeys. FDAs regulatory Centers and FDAs National Center for Toxicological Research continue to pursue a set of studies on the fate of BPA in the body from various routes of exposure and the safety of low doses of BPA, including assessing novel endpoints where questions have been raised. [26] The utilization of BPA further expanded with discoveries at Bayer and General Electric on polycarbonate plastics. This compound is synthesized by the condensation of acetone with phenol. In particular, infants are considered to be at greater risk,[83] leading to bans on the use of BPA in baby bottles and related products by the US,[84] Canada,[85] and EU[86] amongst others. Thanks to their high strength, versatility, and excellent adhesion to a variety of surfaces, epoxy resins have gained wide acceptance in diverse applications (coatings, electrical, casting resins, composites, etc.). Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) is a pale yellow liquid epoxy compound formed by the polycondensation of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol A (BPA). Poly(Bisphenol-A-co-epichlorohydrin) (PBE) is an epoxy based resin that is a phenoxy polymer derived from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. The CLARITY Study, a 5+ year, multipronged U.S. federal government research program and the largest study ever done on BPA, confirms BPAs safety. FDA can take this action on its own initiative or in response to a food additive petition that demonstrates that a use of a food additive has been permanently and completely abandoned. Epoxy resins made with BPA are tough and readily adhere to metal surfaces, making them excellent materials for protective coatings. Dont microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics. The consensus of major government agencies around the world is that BPA is safe as used in food-contact applications. [28], The synthesis of BPA still follows Dianin's general method, with the fundamentals changing little in 130 years. Name: Bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate . Using the data and design from the rodent subchronic study, the National Toxicology Program/Food and Drug Administration (NTP/FDA) is conducting a long-term toxicity study of BPA in rodents to assess a variety of endpoints, including novel endpoints where questions have been raised. Recently, FDA granted two petitions requesting that FDA amend its food additive regulations to no longer provide for the use of certain BPA-based materials in baby bottles, sippy cups, and infant formula packaging because these uses have been abandoned. [65][24], As a result of the presence of BPA in plastics and other commonplace materials, most people are frequently exposed to trace levels of BPA. NIEHS has a goal to ensure job opportunities and career enhancements programs for both our work force and our community. TM 332 epoxy resin (Dow Chemical, Midland, TX, USA) with the epoxy group content of 24.6%-25.1% and epoxy equivalent of 171-175 which is referenced as DGEBA and with ERISYS Resorcinol . The condensation of acetone (hence the suffix 'A' in the name)[32] with two equivalents of phenol is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or a solid acid resin such as the sulfonic acid form of polystyrene sulfonate. [7], BPA has been found to interact with a diverse range of hormone receptors, in both humans and animals. What Does U.S. Government Research Tell Us About BPA? 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